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Geography and politics: Sample chronology
Paraguary
14 August 1811 Paraguay achieves independence from Spain.
1 May 1864 Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay form a military alliance against the Paraguayan dictator Francisco Solano López.
18 March 1865 The dictator of Paraguay, President Francisco Solano López, seizes Argentine territory, provoking a war against Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.
22 September 1866 Coalition forces (Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay) fighting Paraguay are heavily defeated at Curupaití, Paraguay.
31 December 1868 Coalition forces (Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay) at war with Paraguay enter Asunción, Paraguay.
1 March 1870 Paraguayan president Francisco Solano López is killed in the war against the combined forces of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.
6 December 1928 War breaks out between Bolivia and Paraguay.
16 September 1929 Peace is signed between Bolivia and Paraguay.
10 May 1933 Paraguay formally declares war on Bolivia in the Chaco War over the disputed border territory of Chaco Boreal.
12 June 1935 A truce is arranged in the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia, in which about 100,000 lives have been lost.
20 February 1937 Paraguay withdraws from the League of Nations, following its adoption of a fascistic regime in 1936.
21 July 1938 A peace treaty is agreed between the South American countries of Paraguay and Bolivia, ending the dispute over the Chaco Boreal border territory. Paraguay retains at least three-quarters of the territory.
12 June 1960–19 June 1960 The Uruguayan football team Peñarol defeats Olimpia from Paraguay 2–1 on aggregate over two legs to win the inaugural South American Champions' Club Cup (known from 1965 as the Copa Libertadores de América).
29 June 1975 Independiente of Argentina defeat Union Española of Chile 2–0 in a play-off in Asunción, Paraguay, to win the Copa Libertadores de América, the South American club football championship, for the fourth successive year.
1984 The Itaipu power plant on the Paraná River on the border between Brazil and Paraguay starts operating; the largest generating station in the world, it produces 13,200 megawatts of electricity.
8 April 1987 The state of siege in Paraguay, in force since 1947, is finally allowed to lapse by the administration of General Alfredo Stroessner.
6 May 1988 Pope John Paul II begins a 13-day tour of Uruguay, Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay.
3 February 1989 The 35-year dictatorial regime of Alfredo Stroessner in Paraguay is overthrown by a military coup led by General Andrés Rodríguez, who replaces him as president. On 1 May, Rodríguez gains a landslide victory in elections won by his right-of-centre Colorado Party.
15 August 1993 Juan Carlos Wasmosy becomes the first elected president of Paraguay since the country's foundation in 1811.
17 December 1994 The presidents of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay sign a pact in Ouro Preto, Brazil, creating the Southern Common Market (Mercosur), in force from 1 January 1995.
1 January 1995 The Southern Common Market or Mercosur, the world's fourth-largest free-trade grouping comprising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, comes into existence.
21 April 1997 General Andres Rodriguez, president of Paraguay 1989–93 who overthrew the Paraguayan dictator Alfredo Stroessner and restored the country to democracy, dies in New York City (72).
August 2000 Paraguay's Colorado Party loses its first election in over 50 years as the opposition Liberal Party wins the vice-presidential contest.
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