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Subjects | Fact sheet | Samples
Geography and politics: Sample tables
German Political Leaders from 1949
In 1949 the US, French, and British zones of occupation established after World War II became the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Soviet zone became the German Democratic Republic. The official reunification of the countries, with Helmut Kohl as chancellor, took place in 1990.
| Term |
Name |
Party |
| Federal Republic of Germany |
| Chancellors |
| 1949–63 |
Konrad Adenauer |
Christian Democrat |
| 1963–66 |
Ludwig Erhard |
Christian Democrat |
| 1966–69 |
Kurt Kiesinger |
Christian Democrat |
| 1969–74 |
Willy Brandt |
Social Democrat |
| 1974–82 |
Helmut Schmidt |
Social Democrat |
| 1982–90 |
Helmut Kohl |
Christian Democrat |
| Democratic Republic |
| Communist Party leaders |
| 1949–60 |
Wilhelm Pieck |
| 1960–71 |
Walter Ulbricht |
| 1971–89 |
Erich Honecker |
| 1989 |
Egon Krenz |
| Prime Ministers |
| 1989–90 |
Hans Modrow |
| 1990–91 |
Lothar de Maizière |
| Germany |
| Chancellors |
| 1990–98 |
Helmut Kohl |
Christian Democrat |
| 1998– |
Gerhard Schroeder |
Social Democrat |
Orders of Chivalry and the Honours List
Modern orders of chivalry are awarded as a mark of royal favour or as a reward for public services. Members of orders are normally created Knights or Dames, titled Sir or Dame; some orders are graded, with the lower grades not being knighted. Honours are awarded by the sovereign and published on New Year's Day, and on the official royal birthday in June. Suggestions for awards are provided by: (1) senior government officials; (2) personal nominations from the Queen; (3) the major political parties, through the Chief Whip; and (4) the prime minister, who can add to, or subtract from, all the above lists.
| Order |
Created |
Ribbon |
Motto |
Initials |
Other |
| Order of the Garter1 |
1348 |
blue |
honi soit qui mal y pense (shame on him who thinks evil of it) |
KG |
founded by Edward III |
| Order of the Thistle2 |
16873 |
green |
nemo me impune lacessit (no one provokes me with impunity) |
KT |
ancient Scottish order |
| Order of the Bath |
1725 |
crimson |
tria juncta in ino (three joined in one) |
GCB, KCB, DCB, CB4 |
founded by Henry IV; divided into civil and military divisions; women became eligible in 1971 |
| Order of Merit1 5 |
1902 |
blue and crimson |
none |
OM |
founded by Edward VII |
| Order of the Star of India |
1861 |
light blue with white edges |
Heaven's light our guide |
GCSI, KCSI, CSI6 |
no new members created since 1947 |
| Order of St Michael and St George |
1818 |
blue with scarlet centre |
auspicium melioris aevi (token of a better age) |
GCMG, KCMG, DCMG, CMG7 |
|
| Order of the Indian Empire |
1868 |
purple |
imperatricis auspiciis (under the auspices of the Empress) |
GCIE, KCIE, CIE8 |
no new members created since 1947 |
| Imperial Order of the Crown of India9 |
1877 |
light blue with white edge |
none |
CI |
no new members created since 1947 |
| Royal Victorian Order |
1896 |
blue with red and white edges |
Victoria |
GCVO, KCVO, DCVO, CVO, LVO, MVO10 |
|
| Order of the British Empire |
1917 |
pink edged with grey; vertical grey stripe in centre for the military division |
for God and the Empire |
GBE, KBE, DBE, CBE, OBE, MBE11 |
divided into civil and military divisions in 1918 |
| Companions of Honour5 12 |
1917 |
carmine with gold edges |
none |
CH |
|
| Distinguished Service Order |
1886 |
red with blue edges |
none |
DSO |
awarded to members of the armed forces for services in action; a bar may be added for any additional act of service |
| Imperial Service Order13 |
1902 |
crimson with blue centre |
none |
ISO |
awarded to members of the Civil Service; no new members created since 1993 |
1 Only 24 people may hold this order at any one time.
2 Only 16 people may hold this order at any one time.
3 Revived in this year.
4 GCB (Knight/Dame of the Grand Cross); KCB, DCB (Knight/Dame Commander); CB (Companion).
5 Members are not given a knighthood.
6 GCSI (Knight Grand Commander); KCSI (Knight Commander); CSI (Companion).
7 GCMG (Knight/Dame Grand Commander); KCMG, DCMG (Knight/Dame Commander); CMG (Companion).
8 GCIE (Knight/Dame Grand Commander); KCIE (Knight/Dame Commander); CIE (Companion).
9 For women only.
10 GCVO (Knight/Dame of The Grand Cross); KCVO, DCVO (Knight/Dame Commander); LVO (Lieutenant); MVO (Member).
11 GBE/KBE (Knight/Dame Grand Cross); DBE (Knight/Dame Commander); CBE (Commander); OBE (Officer); MBE
(Member).
12 Only 65 people may hold this order at any one time.
13 Membership is limited to 1,900 people.
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